C character set, Keywords, Identifiers

C character set :-
The valid characters for C are alphabets ( A-Z, a-z) , numbers (0 - 9) and special symbols .

Reserved words ( Keywords) :-
Keywords are the words whose meaning has already been known to the C compiler. They are also called instructions. e.g. int , return
They are reserved words and can not be used as variable names.
There are 32 keywords available in C.

Identifiers :-
Identifiers are the names you supply for variable types, functions and labels in your program.You can not use keywords as identifiers.

What is programming ?

Let us first understand what is programming .

A program is a steps taken to perform a task or job.

A real life example will be we program our selves to come from home to college.

We have planning in our mind as when we will get up , then in how much time we will get ready, then at what time we should catch bus or train etc. We have a order of sequence for the steps we perform

i.e. we do not sit in the bus and then start brushing our teeth.

Now let us take example of addition of two numbers 22 and 33 with help of a calculator.

Our steps or program will be as follows

1. Enter 22
2. Press '+' key
3. Enter 33
4. Press '=' key
5. See the result on screen.

Similarly we can write logical steps to perform a task in computer language and execute it to get the desired result.

It will be important to understand that logical steps to perform a task remains same even if computer language changes . The only thing changes from language to language is there commands and syntax.

TYBcom Computer Syllabus for C programming

TYBcom Computer Systems and Application subject (from 2009) has Unit IV as 'Introduction to C programming' having syllabus as follows.

1) Introduction :
C character set
Reserved words
Identifiers
C data types
C type modifiers
Constants
Variables
Expressions
Operators (Unary , Binary, Relational, Logical)
C assignment statements
Operator Precedence
Concept of header files (stdio.h, math.h, conio.h only)

2) Simple programming concepts :
Form of a C program, printf() (%d,%f,%c,%s,%lf,%ld), scanf(), gets(), getchar(), puts(), putchar(), getch(), putch(), pow(), sqr(), clrscr(), storage class specifiers , Preprocessor directive #include <>


3) Control Statements:
If else , for, while , do while , switch , break , continue .

4) Arrays :
Concept of one dimensional array (character and integer ) , sorting of numbers , printing array of numbers.

What is a blog?

A blog is a type of website where information like commentary, description, review, pictures, video is posted regularly and usually displayed in chronological order i.e. latest post on top. Each post is like a webpage and it usually has option of comments for visitors.
e.g. http://bigb.bigadda.com – is a personal blog by bollywood celebrity.
http://www.tech2.com – is a blog for reviews of gadgets like mobile phone, camera etc.

Questions from Chapter 1 - Data Communication, Networking and Internet

Questions from Chapter 1 – Data Comm., Networking and Internet
(Only points are given for answers )

1) Explain data communication components
(Message or data, sender, receiver, transmission medium, protocol)

2) What are different forms of data representation?
(Text, numbers, images, audio, video)

3) What is distributed processing?

4) Explain different types of computer networks.
(LAN, MAN, WAN)

5) What are advantages of networking?
Resource sharing, Upgradation cost, Security and Manageability,Workgroup Applications

6) Explain in brief different types of network structures / architecture
(Server based, Client server, Peer to peer)

7) Explain different types of topologies
(Star, Bus, Ring)

8) Write short note - network media
(Wired – twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber. Wireless- electromagnetic waves)

9) Explain Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers

10) Explain OSI reference model.
(ISO, layers, 7 layers)

11) Explain TCP/IP model.
(Intro, 5 layers)

12) Explain layer 3 and layer 4 of OSI model.

13) What is internet? What are different types of internet connections?
(Dial up, Broadband, ISDN, T1, T3, GPRS, Wireless)

14) Write short note – Sharing of internet connection.

15) What is a blog?

16) What is URL? Explain different parts of URL.

17) Explain different types of search engines.
(Crawler based, search directories, Meta search engines, specialized search engines.)

18) What are different methods of search?
(Advance search, Boolean search)

19) Explain different types of email services and parts of email address.
(Web based – Online, POP, and IMAP (?))

20) Short notes - IP address, Domain names, Scanning email for viruses.